Standard: Earth and Space Sciences

Students demonstrate an understanding about how Earth systems and processes interact in the geosphere resulting in the habitability of Earth. This includes demonstrating an understanding of the composition of the universe, the solar system and Earth. In addition, it includes understanding the properties and the interconnected nature of Earth's systems, processes that shape Earth and Earth's history. Students also demonstrate an understanding of how the concepts and principles of energy, matter, motion and forces explain Earth systems, the solar system and the universe. Finally, they grasp an understanding of the historical perspectives, scientific approaches and emerging scientific issues associated with Earth and space sciences.

• Benchmark A: [6-8]
  Describe how the positions and motions of the objects in the universe cause predictable and cyclic events.
  

• Benchmark B: [6-8]
  Explain that the universe is composed of vast amounts of matter, most of which is at incomprehensible distances and held together by gravitational force. Describe how the universe is studied by the use of equipment such as telescopes, probes, satellites and spacecraft.
  

• Benchmark C: [6-8]
  Describe interactions of matter and energy throughout the lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere(e.g., water cycle, weather and pollution).
  

• Benchmark D: [6-8]
  Identify that the lithosphere contains rocks and minerals and that minerals make up rocks. Describe how rocks and minerals are formed and/or classified.
  

• Benchmark E: [6-8]
  Describe the processes that contribute to the continuous changing of Earth's surface(e.g., earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, erosion, mountain building and lithospheric plate movements).